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Ben Barres
Ben A. Barres (born Barbara Barres, in 1955) is an American neurobiologist at Stanford University.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/ben-barres?tab=bio )〕 His research focuses on the interaction between neurons and glial cells in the nervous system. Since 2008, he has been Chair of the Neurobiology department at Stanford University School of Medicine. He changed his sex to male in 1997, and became the first openly transgender scientist in the US National Academy of Sciences in 2013.
==Early life and education==
Barres was born in West Orange, New Jersey to a Christian family. His father was a salesman. Attending a West Orange school, he excelled in mathematics and science and was impressed by his eighth-grade teacher Jeffrey Davis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.travisroyfoundation.org/sci/research/researchers/a-conversation-with-dr-ben-barres/ )〕 He obtained a BS degree in biology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a medical degree (MD) from Dartmouth Medical School, neurology residency training at Weill Cornell, and a doctorate (PhD) in neurobiology from Harvard University.〔NIH, (Oct. 2008). (Ben A. Barres, M.D., Ph.D. )〕 He did his postdoctoral training at University College London under Martin Raff. In 1993 he joined the faculty of neurobiology at the Stanford School of Medicine. In 1997,〔http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TS/News/News.html〕 he underwent a transgender female-to-male operation and has published on sexism in the sciences. In 2008 he was appointed to the Chair of Neurobiology.〔
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